What psat score is national merit 2023

Jul 06, 2024
2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide; 2023 Guide to the Merit Program; Online Scholarship Application (OSA) Press Releases; for Sponsors. 2021-22 Annual Report; NMSC Mission Statement; NMSC Corporate Brochure; Becoming a Sponsor; for Scholars. ... National Merit, Merit Scholarship, Merit Scholar, ....

The Digital PSAT is a great primer for the Digital SAT, and even the ACT, but it’s more than just a trial run. Digital PSAT scores are used to identify National Merit Scholars and award merit scholarships. More than 3.4 million high school students (mostly juniors and sophomores) take this nationwide, multiple-choice test every year. A Preliminary SAT (PSAT) score for freshmen in the 50th percentile would be around 460 on average. To achieve an above-average score, you must earn 470 or better in EBRW and Maths. Percentage Chart for the Preliminary SAT (PSAT) 8/9. The information in the chart below is based exclusively on the results and percentages of 9th graders who took ...The digital PSAT is a test designed for sophomores and fall juniors. The material is slightly easier than that of the digital SAT, so the top SAT scores are not achievable on the PSAT—even with a perfect answer sheet. The PSAT score range extends from 160–760 (320–1520 total) versus the SAT’s score range of 200–800 …See if a 683 credit score is good. Check out 683 credit score loan & credit card options. Learn how to improve a 683 credit score & more. Is a 683 credit score good? 683 credit sco...The Michigan Merit Exam (MME) assesses students in grade 11 and eligible students in grade 12 based on Michigan high school standards. The MME is administered each spring, and consists of three components: College Board SAT® with Essay Evidence-Based Reading & Writing and Math. ACT® WorkKeys® job skills assessment Applied Math, Graphic ...Sept. 16, 2022 2:05 PM PT. Roughly 180 high school seniors from San Diego County have been announced as semifinalists for 2023 scholarships by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. They are ...On November 6th and 16th, College Board released digital PSAT scores to students. Compass has created The PSAT Counselor Toolkit to help counselors make the most of the test results.…. Read More. Nov 03 2023. 0.The remaining 16,000 students or so—those whose scores put them in the top 99th percentile in their state—become National Merit Semifinalists. Of these, around half win scholarships after submitting their high school records, as well as recommendations from teachers and a personal essay. Some students win a $2,500 scholarship from the ...In 2023, this testing window is October 2 to October 31. This means that your school can choose any weekday during that period to administer the test. ... Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? ... Sophomores are not eligible for National Merit scholarships, which target high-scoring juniors only, so there is no monetary benefit to ...The scale for each section is 160-760, which means the total PSAT score range is 320-1520 since there are two sections of the test (even though there are three test categories, the Reading test and the Writing/Language test scores get combined to give you one Evidence-Based Reading and Writing score). You get one point for every answer you get ...Sep 15, 2023 · Mississippi National Merit Semifinalists 2023-2024. For 163 Mississippi high school seniors, the 2024 National Merit Scholarship Competition brought good news: these high-achieving students have earned the celebrated “Semifinalist” designation. In order to do so, they had to score among the top 1% of Mississippi students who took the PSAT ... Subreddit for discussing the PSAT/NMSQT® and National Merit® Scholarship Program. Test prep resources, released exams, helpful guides, and more. Students, parents, tutors, and all others welcome! Not affiliated with the College Board.The National Merit Scholarship Corporation announced the semifinalists on Wednesday, September 13. Sixteen thousand high school seniors nationwide qualified. About 14,500 semifinalists are expected to advance to the Finalist level. A little less than half will win a National Merit Scholarship. These students will be able to continue in the ...The PSAT, on the other hand, is taken in the fall of junior year. Some students might also take the PSAT the fall of their sophomore year, but this score cannot count for the National Merit competition. High scores on the PSAT can earn students awards from the National Merit program: Commended, Semi-Finalists, Finalist, or Scholar.The PSAT window for testing is October 2-31. Scores for the 2023 PSAT will be released on two separate dates: November 6 and November 16. Which date you will receive your scores depends on which date you tested and when your answers were submitted. ... Learn all about the National Merit scholarship competition with our in-depth articles on how ...The National Merit Scholarships are worth $2,500. Corporation-sponsored awards range from one-time payments of $2,500 to renewable awards up to $10,000 per year of college. College-sponsored scholarships can be worth anywhere from a few thousand dollars up to full-tuition awards with housing and living expenses included.2023. July - September. NMSC is excited to announce the names of more than 16,000 Semifinalists in the 2024 National Merit® Scholarship Program. These academically talented high school seniors have an opportunity to continue in the competition for some 7,140 National Merit Scholarships worth nearly $28 million that will be offered next spring.PSAT Target Scores and Preparation in 2023. Whether you're prepping for the PSAT in an attempt to earn a National Merit Scholarship or using PSAT prep as a gateway into studying for the SAT, the first step is to determine roughly what score you should be aiming for.The 2023 PSAT/NMSQT is the qualifying test for entry to the 2025 program. Program entrants must take the test in the specified year of the high school program (see …Full-Length Practice Tests. Before test day, use official PSAT/NMSQT practice tests. These practice tests are available for free, both online and on paper. Practice in the Bluebook App.In 2005, the average golf score was 100 for 18 holes. In 2012, the average golf score for men was 97. Both figures are according to the National Golf Foundation, which states the a...Step 2: Score in the Top 1% of the PSAT. Becoming a National Merit Finalist is competitive and requires a top score on the PSAT. Although it varies from state to state, most students must score above 1400 (out of 1520) to qualify as a Semifinalist, which means they can compete to move on to Finalist standing. How can you achieve a top 1% score ...Multiply the sum by two, resulting in a Selection Index score of 210. Although the cutoffs for the National Merit Scholarship PSAT vary every year, it may be helpful to look at the 2023 Selection ...ENROLL NOW. Scoring among the top percentile of PSAT test-takers is also the only way to enter the highly-selective National Merit Scholarship Competition. According to the College Board, the average PSAT score is about 920 (out of a total between 320-1520). Therefore, a score between 1210 and 1520 can land you in the top 10% of test takers.2023 PSAT Scores and National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Scores [UPDATED] · 2023 PSAT / NMSQT Dates · 2022 PSAT/NMSQT Score Release Dates.Semifinalists in the 2024 National Merit Scholarship Program Steps in the 2024 Competition Over 1.3 million juniors in about 21,000 high schools entered the 2024 National Merit Scholarship Program by taking the 2022 Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT®), which served as an initial screen of program entrants ...To learn more about PSAT scoring, check out our in-depth guide. With this score range, a perfect score on the PSAT is 1520, with 760 on Math and 760 on EBRW. A 1520 doesn't necessarily equate to a perfect 1600 on the SAT, since the SAT is a somewhat more difficult test, but it still predicts a very strong SAT score.You can find your Selection Index by looking in your PSAT Score Report or by using the calculator below. Your Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score (160 to 760): Your Math Score (160 to 760): Your NMSC Selection Index (48 to 228): 2. Determine whether you'll be commended. Students who meet or exceed the commended cutoff for their year ...2 2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Taking the PSAT/NMSQT® is a great way to find out how prepared you are for college and career. The PSAT/NMSQT is the qualifying test for entry to the National Merit® Scholarship Program (described in the second part of this guide).Indeed, many sophomores do take the PSAT, but it's more for practice than anything else. However, the PSAT will be totally different next fall when you take it for National Merit qualification. The PSAT (and SAT) are undergoing a major shift in the 2023-24 school year, moving to a shorter, all-virtual exam.By the conclusion of the 2023 program, more than 7,140 Finalists will have earned the "Merit Scholar" title and received a total of nearly $28 million in college scholarships. NMSC, a not-for-profi t organization that operates without government assistance, was founded in 1955 specifi cally to conduct the National Merit Scholarship Program.Students often ask what score they'll need to become a Semifinalist. This is hard to answer, because it varies from year to year. It's usually somewhere around ...Nationally representative percentiles are derived from a research study of U.S. students in the eighth or ninth grade and are weighted to represent all U.S. students in those grades, regardless of whether they typically take the PSAT 8/9. User group percentiles are based on the actual scores of students who took the PSAT 8/9 in the past three ...Educators can access 2024 PSAT/NMSQT scores online in the K-12 Reporting Portal starting October 22, 2024. Please note, as soon as PSAT/NMSQT scores are available, schools will need to let their students know there are two ways to view their scores: Schools will be provided with a PDF of students' score reports to be distributed to students.Students who score in the top 1% of test-takers of the PSAT are named National Merit Semifinalists and are invited to apply for the National Merit Scholarship. To become a finalist, you must meet additional requirements, including confirmation of your PSAT scores, a record of high academic performance, a recommendation from your high school ...comment. More than 270 Minnesota students are semifinalists in the 2022 National Merit Scholarship Program that honors students based on standardized test scores and academic achievements. The ...The University of Alabama has an enticing offer for National Merit Finalists—free tuition and housing. The school also provides National Merit Finalists with a supplemental scholarship of $3,500 per year, a one-time $2,000 allowance for summer research or international study, and $500 annually for books. 12.Being named a Scholar is the highest academic recognition you can achieve from the National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC). It is a national distinction that puts you at the pinnacle of academic achievement. To become a Scholar, you need to first become a Finalist. But not all Finalists win scholarships: only about 8,000 of 15,000 ...Vianella Burns, Patch Staff. Posted Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 3:51 pm ET. The student was among the top one percent of highest scores on the PSAT and has a chance to earn a National Merit Scholarship ...Based on our estimates for the qualifying PSAT scores, a score of 206 wouldn’t make it into the top 1%. Check out the cutoff scores below. Does your PSAT score report look like a jumble of numbers? For National Merit, you just need to understand one: your Selection Index. Predicted National Merit Scholarship CutoffsCollege Board Calculator Policies for Mathematics and Science. Students and educators should use this flyer to learn for which College Board tests calculators are acceptable. PDF. 531.8 KB. If you're taking the PSAT/NMSQT, you'll need to know how—and when—to use calculators.NMSC must receive your scores no later than December 31, 2023 for full award consideration. ... on the same scale as the NMSC Selection Index score from the PSAT/NMSQT, which qualified you for recognition as ... National Merit Scholarships can be used only for attendance at a college or university in the United States that holds2 2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Taking the PSAT/NMSQT® is a great way to find out how prepared you are for college and career. The PSAT/NMSQT is the qualifying test for entry to the National Merit® Scholarship Program (described in the second part of this guide).Beginning in the fall of 2023, the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) will be administered digitally. Approximately 1.3 million high school students will enter the National Merit Scholarship Program by taking the digital PSAT/NMSQT. It is expected that some 50,000 high-scoring students will receive"NMSC [National Merit Scholarship Corporation] Selection Index Scores" everyone is reporting in the comments are calculated by taking double weighting reading score and dividing by 10. If you got a 1440, what your index score would be would depend on what you got in each section. If you had a 740 English, 720 math, your score would be 220 (74*2 ...The PSAT/NMSQT is the Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test. The PSAT provides valuable testing experience and exposes students to SAT and ACT-like questions. ... PSAT scores were released on November 6 or November 16, 2023, depending on what day students tested. The PSAT 10 will be delivered digitally in spring …The PSAT/NMSQT is typically offered to 11th grade students. Juniors who take the PSAT/NMSQT compete for the coveted National Merit Scholarship (keep reading for more on the scholarship). While some schools may allow 10th grade students to take the October PSAT/NMSQT, most 10th graders will instead have the opportunity to take the PSAT 10 ...PSAT Target Scores and Preparation in 2023. Whether you're prepping for the PSAT in an attempt to earn a National Merit Scholarship or using PSAT prep as a gateway into studying for the SAT, the first step is to determine roughly what score you should be aiming for.The remaining 16,000 students or so—those whose scores put them in the top 99th percentile in their state—become National Merit Semifinalists. Of these, around half win scholarships after submitting their high school records, as well as recommendations from teachers and a personal essay. Some students win a $2,500 scholarship from the ...Educators can access 2024 PSAT/NMSQT scores online in the K-12 Reporting Portal starting October 22, 2024. Please note, as soon as PSAT/NMSQT scores are available, schools will need to let their students know there are two ways to view their scores: Schools will be provided with a PDF of students' score reports to be distributed to students.2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide; 2023 Guide to the Merit Program; Online Scholarship Application (OSA) Press Releases; for Sponsors. 2021-22 Annual Report; NMSC Mission Statement; NMSC Corporate Brochure; Becoming a Sponsor; for Scholars. ... National Merit, Merit Scholarship, Merit Scholar, ...The diagram below lists the Semifinalist Score Cutoffs for Class of 2022 (need the updates for class of 2023) in 8 northeastern states (Selection Index range of 213 - 222). About the National Merit Scholarship Program. The Class of 2023 National Merit Scholarship Competition began with the October 2021 PSAT/NMSQT. Semifinalists and Commended ...By the conclusion of the 2023 program, more than 7,140 Finalists will have earned the “Merit Scholar” title and received a total of nearly $28 million in college scholarships. NMSC, a not-for-profi t organization that operates without government assistance, was founded in 1955 specifi cally to conduct the National Merit Scholarship …2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide; 2023 Guide to the Merit Program; Online Scholarship Application (OSA) Press Releases; for Sponsors. 2021-22 Annual Report; NMSC Mission Statement; NMSC Corporate Brochure; Becoming a Sponsor; for Scholars. ... National Merit, Merit Scholarship, Merit Scholar, ...A walk score is a measure of your neighborhood's walkability. Learn about what a walk score is and find out how the Web site Walk Score rates your walkshed. Advertisement ­ How oft...Becoming a National Merit Semifinalist is the first step toward potentially earning a National Merit Scholarship. Semifinalists are selected based on their scores on the PSAT/NMSQT, taken during their junior year of high school. Approximately 1.5 million students take this test each year, but only a small percentage achieve semifinalist status.The students joined more than 16,000 students in the running to be named a National Merit Scholar, and receive a $2500 scholarship to help them further their education.Instructions. Apply to colleges and scholarship programs. PSAT/NMSQT scores are automatically sent to National Merit Scholarship Corporation.; Explore paths to take after high school. Download the BigFuture School Mobile app to access your scores and receive information to help plan your future journey to college and/or career. If you provide your mobile number when you take the PSAT/NMSQT ...Lastly, you'll get a Selection Index score on a scale of 48-228; this score's sole purpose is to determine your eligibility for National Merit. All of these PSAT scores are scaled, or equated, scores. Your PSAT scores will start out as raw scores based on the number of questions you answered correctly.Your National Merit Selection Index Score. The final score you'll receive on the PSAT is a National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC) Selection Index score. The Selection Index score uses a score range of 48-228 and is equivalent to the sum of your Reading, Writing, and Math test scores (that is, the ones on scales of 8-38) multiplied by 2 ...Up until 2015, the National Achievement Scholarship Program was another popular achievement award, also run by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation and based on PSAT scores. Though you may still hear about it, it is no longer available, as its funding has been reallocated through the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) to recognize high ...The PSAT is scored similarly to the SAT, with a potential total score range of 320 to 1520. (SAT scores range from 400 to 1600.) The average score is about 920, and a score between 1210 and 1520 ...2 2023 PSAT/NMSQT Student Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Test-Taking Information Using This Guide Taking the PSAT/NMSQT® is a great way to find out how prepared you are for college and career. The PSAT/NMSQT is the qualifying test for entry to the National Merit® Scholarship Program (described in the second part of this guide).The 3 basic qualifications you need to meet are: Then there is the test score related qualification. The exact score qualifications vary from year to year and state to state, but typically, the top 3% of students (about 50,000 juniors) qualify to be in the program. The top 1% of students have the best shot at winning the scholarship.National Merit Finalist Package. First-time freshmen who are recognized as National Merit Finalists by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation are strongly encouraged to submit all application materials by the January 15 priority deadline to ensure consideration. If eligible students submit an application and all supporting documents after ...The PSAT score range extends from 160-760 (320-1520 total) versus the SAT's score range of 200-800 (400-1600 total). In much the same way that no PSAT sheet can represent this same performance as a 1600 in the SAT, no PSAT score can be concordant use a 36 set the PERFORM (and a student with a 36 should stick by the ACT!).September 25, 2023/in PSAT/by admin. A good PSAT score is between 1210 and 1520, which would put you in the top 10% of test takers. The average score earned on the PSATis about 920, and a "perfect" score on the PSAT would be the maximum score of 1520. Your PSAT score is a good indicator of how well you will do on the SAT, so it's ...Sep 14, 2023 · Before we reveal the National Merit Scholarship PSAT score cutoff by state in 2023-2024 and National Merit Scholarship requirements, a short history lesson…In 1955, the headlines were dominated by earth-shaking events such as Rosa Parks’ act of civil disobedience that set off the Montgomery Bus Boycott, athletic triumphs like the long-suffering Brooklyn Dodgers finally defeating the New ... Jan 4, 2024 · PSAT/NMSQT: With the exception of more-advanced subject matter and the chance to qualify for a National Merit Scholarship, the PSAT/NMSQT and PSAT 10 are nearly identical—sharing the same duration, format, and scoring. When compared to the SAT, the PSAT/NMSQT is just 15 questions shorter (with 5 fewer questions in Reading and 10 fewer in Math ... In addition to qualifying via the PSAT, you can also qualify with at least 2 AP scores of 3 or better. If you have listed your Latino or Hispanic background in your College Board account, you will automatically be invited to apply for recognition based on your PSAT and AP scores. If you believe that you have been overlooked, you can apply here ...Junior year PSAT test takers are automatically considered for the National Merit Scholar competition, so the PSAT for juniors is officially known as the NMSQT/PSAT. Each scaled score is assigned to a national selection index score out of a maximum 228 points.Indeed, many sophomores do take the PSAT, but it's more for practice than anything else. However, the PSAT will be totally different next fall when you take it for National Merit qualification. The PSAT (and SAT) are undergoing a major shift in the 2023-24 school year, moving to a shorter, all-virtual exam.The College Board includes this on your PSAT score report if you’re eligible. 2023 National Merit Semifinalist Cutoff Scores by State. Review the 2023 National Merit Semifinalist cutoff scores by state to help you set your PSAT score goals: Alabama: 212; Alaska: 210; Arizona: 214; Arkansas: 210; California: 220; Colorado: 217; Connecticut ...Semifinalists must fulfill several requirements, which are provided in the information they receive with their scholarship applications. These include completing an application, having a consistently very high academic record, writing an essay, being endorsed and recommended by a school official, and taking the SAT ® or ACT ® and earning a score …In 2023, approximately 1.3 million high school students participated in the PSAT/NMSQT, yet only 15,000 will emerge as finalists for the National Merit Scholarship by February 2025, and only 7,880 scholarships will be awarded among them, highlighting the competition’s selectivity. 3 This article is your comprehensive guide, demystifying the ...

Did you know?

That The PSAT offered in grade 11 is the PSAT/NMSQT (PSAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test). ... What is a Good PSAT Score? ... If you're Class of 2026 and beyond, then you should plan to take a digital PSAT beginning in the fall of 2023. Or, you could simply skip the PSATs and take free full-length practice tests like those we offer.The PSAT is also scored in the same way as the SAT, but with slightly lower numbers. The two sections, Math and Evidence-Based Reading & Writing, are each scored on a scale from 160–760. This means that a “perfect” PSAT score is 1520. In 2023, the PSAT will change significantly to match the big changes coming to the SAT.Get SAT and PSAT Ready. October 11, 2023 will be the school day SAT for all 12th grade students. ... Students may also send up to four score reports for free. ... The Preliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (PSAT/NMSQT) for juniors is a program co-sponsored by the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corp. (NMSC). ...

How Once you've received your scores, learn how you can use your scores for practice, scholarship opportunities, and more in the Resources section below. When to Expect Scores. Students will receive 2024 October scores in three releases: on October 24, November 7, and November 14, 2024.The introduction of the digital PSAT in October 2023 is likely to mean wider than usual swings. It’s not clear, for example, whether the digital test will prove more or less popular than the paper-and-pencil test that it is replacing. ... see our National Merit FAQ.] A student scoring 720 ERW and 680 Math has an SI of 212. A student scoring ...Mar 27, 2019 · In 2023, approximately 1.3 million high school students participated in the PSAT/NMSQT, yet only 15,000 will emerge as finalists for the National Merit Scholarship by February 2025, and only 7,880 scholarships will be awarded among them, highlighting the competition’s selectivity. 3 This article is your comprehensive guide, demystifying the ... The PSAT/NMSQT. The PSAT/NMSQT is now digital! The test is easier to take, shorter, has more time per question, and comes with a built-in calculator. It can also qualify you for the National Merit Scholarship Program and other scholarships. Why Take the PSAT/NMSQT?

When Up until 2015, the National Achievement Scholarship Program was another popular achievement award, also run by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation and based on PSAT scores. Though you may still hear about it, it is no longer available, as its funding has been reallocated through the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) to recognize high ...Subreddit for discussing the PSAT/NMSQT® and National Merit® Scholarship Program. Test prep resources, released exams, helpful guides, and more. Students, parents, tutors, and all others welcome! Not affiliated with the College Board.…

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs. What psat score is national merit 2023. Possible cause: Not clear what psat score is national merit 2023.

Other topics

meacham tires and auto services

buzzr schedule 2023

bunkr.su downloader Compass has analyzed the October 2022 PSAT/NMSQT results to see how scores will impact the class of 2024's National Merit hopes. Almost 1.5 million juniors took the qualifying exam for the National Merit Scholarship Program, and more than 54,000 of them will receive some form of honors or scholarships. The Continued Drop-Off in High-ScorersSophomores who take the 2023 PSAT/NMSQT but plan to spend four years in grades 9 through 12 will not meet entry requirements for the 2025 National Merit Program.They must take the PSAT/NMSQT again in 2024 (when they are juniors) to enter the competition that will end when scholarships are awarded in 2026, the year they will complete high school and enter college. miss rachel controversycj so cool jaaliyah Below are PSAT scoring ranges and percentiles from 2023. Best PSAT Scores. These PSAT scores will put you in the top 10% of all PSAT test takers. Best PSAT Math Scores: 620+. Best PSAT Writing & …2023 cutoffs and national semifinalist. so when will we know the actual 2023 cutoffs and whether we get the national semifinalist title? is that in september next year or something? Commended in April, SF in September. The steps/timeline are on Page 4 of the National Merit Scholarship Program Student Guide . brooklyn waffle house photosla pulga de lubbock txaskew houser funeral home obituaries Learn about when PSAT scores release dates and what factors can impact the release date. Discover how to approach college admissions beyond PSAT scores. ... 2023 ∙ 5 minutes read The Preliminary SAT (PSAT) is a standardized test administered by the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation (NMSC). This test is typically taken ...College Board. June 3, 2022. Last Updated June 26, 2023. The PSAT 8/9 is designed to be taken as eighth or ninth graders start their high school journey. Its structure, sections, and timing are the same as the PSAT 10, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT. The Reading and Writing and Math sections measure the knowledge and skills your child is learning in school ... jimmy evans gateway church National Merit Finalist Package. First-time freshmen who are recognized as National Merit Finalists by the National Merit Scholarship Corporation are strongly encouraged to submit all application materials by the January 15 priority deadline to ensure consideration. If eligible students submit an application and all supporting documents after ... mansfield tx gas pricesamiibo weapons botwpappasito's cantina 10005 fm 1960 humble tx 77338 The state's semifinalists join roughly 16,000 other students nationwide who had the highest scores on the 2020 PSAT, a standardized test taken by high school juniors that helps qualify them for ...The 3 basic qualifications you need to meet are: Then there is the test score related qualification. The exact score qualifications vary from year to year and state to state, but typically, the top 3% of students (about 50,000 juniors) qualify to be in the program. The top 1% of students have the best shot at winning the scholarship.